Oberlander, S. E., and Spencer, R. J. (2006). PhD students and the culture of fatherhood. Ethics and Conduct, 16(3), 217-232. Paternity negotiation is a key aspect of conducting your joint research. It is important to discuss paternity throughout the project, which makes the negotiation of paternity a dynamic exchange. The discussion on the order of paternity should ideally begin at the beginning of a research project and include a focused dialogue about your contributions and those expected of your employees to the project. Checklists for author negotiations, worksheets, or contract forms, such as those listed below, can be used to inform this company.
Osborne, J. W. and Holland, A. (2009). What is fatherhood and what should it be? An overview of the main guidelines for determining authorship in scientific publications. Practical Evaluation, Research and Evaluation, 14(15), 1-19. As a graduate student, it may seem daunting at first to discuss the roles you want or expect, and your place as a contributor in a project. However, this step should be approached as a learning opportunity that contributes to your professional identity as a researcher and scientist. Advisors will generally be happy to discuss paternity and consider these discussions as an important aspect of the mentor-mentee relationship. The people doing the work are responsible for identifying who meets these criteria and should ideally do so when planning the work and making appropriate changes in the course of the work. We encourage collaboration and co-authorship with colleagues in locations where research is conducted.
It is collectively the responsibility of the authors, not the journal to which the work is submitted, to determine that all persons appointed as authors meet all four criteria; It is not the job of journal publishers to determine who qualifies for authorship or not, or to settle authorship disputes. If no agreement can be reached on who is eligible for authorship, the institution or institutions where the work was done, not the editor of the journal, should be asked to investigate. The criteria used to determine the order in which authors are listed in the byline may vary and should be determined jointly by the group of authors and not by the publishers. If authors request the removal or addition of an author after the submission or publication of a manuscript, journal editors must obtain a statement and a signed consent form for the requested modification of all listed authors and the author to be removed or added. If a large group of multiple authors has done the work, the group should ideally decide who will be an author before the work begins and confirm who is an author before submitting the manuscript for publication. All members of the group designated as authors must meet the four authorship criteria, including approval of the final manuscript, and they must be able to assume public responsibility for the work and have full confidence in the accuracy and integrity of the work of the other authors in the group. They are also expected to complete disclosure forms as individuals. Because authorship does not communicate which contributions qualified a person to be an author, some journals now require and publish information about the contributions of each person who participated as having participated in a submitted study, at least for the original research. Editors are strongly encouraged to develop and implement a collaborative policy. Such guidelines remove much of the ambiguity surrounding contributions, but leave open the question of the quantity and quality of the contribution that qualifies a person for paternity. The ICMJE has therefore developed authorship criteria that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors. Leonard, L.
(2010). Negotiation of the authorship of thesis publications: an answer. Qualitative Health Research, 20(5), 723-726. The corresponding author is the only person who has primary responsibility for communicating with the journal during manuscript submission, peer review and the publication process. The corresponding author usually ensures that all administrative requirements of the journal, such as .B. providing details about authorship, approval by the ethics committee, registration documentation for clinical trials, and disclosure of relationships and activities are duly fulfilled and reported, although these tasks may be delegated to one or more co-authors. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review process to respond to editorial requests in a timely manner, and should be available after publication to respond to criticisms of the work and cooperate with any requests for additional data or information from the journal if questions about the article arise after publication. Although the corresponding author assumes primary responsibility for correspondence with the journal, the ICMJE recommends that publishers send copies of all correspondence to all listed authors. Grobman, L. (2009). Der studentische Gelehrte: (Re) Verhandeln von Autorschaft und Autorität. Composition and Communication of the College, 61(1), 175-196.
Fatherhood is a credit and has important academic, social and financial implications. Authorship also implies responsibility and responsibility for published works. The following recommendations are intended to ensure that contributors who have made significant intellectual contributions to an article are named authors, but also that contributors named as authors understand their role in taking responsibility and responsibility for what is published. Here are some additional resources for negotiating authorship: Some large groups with multiple authors refer to authorship by a group name, with or without the names of individuals. When submitting a manuscript written by a group, the corresponding author must provide the name of the group, if any, and clearly identify the members of the group who, as authors, can assume credit and responsibility for the work. The signature of the article identifies who is directly responsible for the manuscript, and MEDLINE lists as authors the names that appear in the signature. If the signature contains a group name, MEDLINE lists the names of the individual members of the group who are authors or collaborators, sometimes called non-author contributors, if the signature is associated with a note that clearly indicates that each name is elsewhere in the article and if these names are authors or collaborators. In addition, the order of paternity can be changed if the actual contributions of the people differ significantly from the contributions expected at the beginning of the project. This situation can occur when an author assumes increased responsibilities or delegates part of his responsibility to other authors. Open and fluid communication in this process is essential to the development of a respectful and professional research environment. All those who are nominated as authors must meet the four authorship criteria, and all those who meet all four criteria must be identified as authors. Those who do not meet all four criteria must be recognized – see section II.A.3 below.
These authorship criteria are intended to reserve the status of author to those who deserve to be recognized and can assume responsibility for the work. The criteria are not intended to exclude from paternity colleagues who otherwise meet the paternity criteria by denying them the opportunity to fulfil criterion #s 2 or 3. Therefore, all individuals who meet the first criterion should have the opportunity to participate in the review, draft and final approval of the manuscript. Fine, M. A. & Kurdek, L.A. (1993). Considerations for determining author credit and author order in collaboration between faculty and students. American psychologist, 48 (11), 1141-1147. Since negotiations with authors are often an ongoing discussion, efforts can be made during a project to minimize the possibility of developing disagreements and to identify and resolve disagreements together before they escalate.
Discussing authorship at regular intervals or at important stages of the project can help minimize the risk of developing a disagreement later in the project. It is helpful for everyone to realize that initial authorship and order of paternity may change as the project grows to better reflect the actual contributions of all researchers. There are many reasons for a change in paternity, many of which may be specific to the situation. Amendments should be decided jointly after taking into account the views of each individual and considering the contributions of each individual. Nevertheless, situations may arise during this process that may lead to misunderstandings or disputes between perpetrators. When they occur, those who contributed to the project should first discuss disagreements, possibly using contracts or dashboards such as those listed above. Everyone involved in the project must participate openly and professionally in these discussions. Be prepared to explain your contributions in detail and consider the views of your employees.
Some staff members may not be aware of the actual involvement of other members of the research team, especially if the projects are conducted in multiple institutions or are longitudinal. Since research in psychology has become increasingly interdisciplinary, it is also important to recognize that other fields may have different author cultures (e.g. B, the principal investigator may be the first or last author). Therefore, starting the authors` discussions at the beginning of the project will help ensure that all the expectations of the contributors are online. .